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Measuring the unmeasurable
GlossaryA
Behaviour that differs from the norm.
Symptoms of severe elation of high spirits.
A hormone produced by the adrenal glands which increases physiological arousal.
A phobia about being in open places or alone in public places.
The psychosexual stage, which, according to Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory, is characterised by a focus on activities related to elimination.
A drug that reduces anxiety.
A drug that reduces anxiety.
A stimulant drug which has an agonist effect by increasing the production of serotonin and noradrenaline.
A drug that reduces mania.
A drug used to reduce psychotic symptoms.
Institution for those suffering from mental disorders (historical term).
B
These are concerned with explaining behaviour in terms of cause and effect, with the causes being represented by genetics and physiology and the effects represented by the behaviour, personality and intelligence.
C
Treating illness using drugs.
The idea that one can not judge a behaviour properly unless it is viewed in the context of the culture in which it originates.
E
Bizarre and strange behaviour.
A somatic form of therapy for mental illness where brief electric shocks are usually applied to a persons non-dominant hemisphere.
In Psychoanalytical theory, the part of the personality which maintains a balance between our impulses (id) and our conscience (superego).
F
In Freud's theory of psychosexual development, the failure to complete a stage successfully which results in a continuation of that stage into later adulthood.
The psychoanalytic technique of allowing a patient to talk without direction or input in order to analyse current issues of the client.
Dr. Freud is often referred to as the father of clinical psychology. His extensive theory of personality development (psychoanalytical theory) is the cornerstone for modern psychological thought, and consists of (1) the psychosexual stages of development, (2) the structural model of personality (id, ego, superego), and (3) levels of consciousness (conscious, subconscious, and unconscious). See Psychoanalysis.
G
Freud's final stage of psychosexual development where healthy sexual development is defined as attraction to a same aged, opposite sexed perr.
I
In Psychoanalytical theory, the part of the personality which contains our primitive impulses such as sex, anger, and hunger.
J
K
L
Freud's fourth stage of psychosexual development where sexuality is repressed in the unconscious and children focus on identifying with their same sex parent and interact with same sex peers.
Sigmund Freud's terminology of sexual energy or sexual drive.
An anti manic drug that blunts emotional senses.
M
An illness defined by psychiatrists , often associated with problems in the brain, cognitive patterns or nervous system .
N
A drug used to reduce psychotic symptoms.
Tissue consisting of nerve cells.
A chemical substance that is released at synapses.
A biological substance that acst as both a hormone and a neurotransmitter.
A neurotransmitter.
A graphical interpretation of a population that is 'bell shaped' as it has the highest frequency in the middle and this frequency diminishes the farther you get from the centre on either end. The mean, median, and mode are all equal in a perfect normal curve.
The scores of a sample or population that, when graphed, fall on or close to a normal curve. A normal distribution is often ideal in research because the data can then be said to have all of the characteristics of a normal curve.
O
Freud's first stage of psychosexual development where the primary sexual focus is on the mouth through sucking, tasting, and verbalising.
P
Freud's third stage of psychosexual development where the primary sexual focus is on symbolism of the genitals.
A medical doctor with training in mental illness.
Developed by Sigmund Freud, this type of therapy is known for long term treatment, typically several times per week, where the unresolved issues from the individual's childhood are analysed and resolved. These issues are considered to be primarily unconscious in nature and are kept from consciousness through a complex defence system.
Theory developed by Freud consisting of the structural model of personality, topographical model of personality, defence mechanisms, drives, and the psychosexual stages of development. The primary driving force behind the theory is the id, ego and superego and the division of consciousness into the conscious mind, the pre/subconscious, and the unconscious.
A modern adaptation of psychoanalytic therapy which has made sometimes minor and sometimes major changes to Freud's original theories.
The study of emotion, cognition, and behaviour, and their interaction.
The scientific study of what causes mental disorders.
The development of stages that are related to the id's changing focus on different parts of the body.
A somatic method of treating psychological disorders where sections of the brain are removed or lesions are made so that areas of the brain become separate.
The treatment of mental illness or related issues based on psychological theory.
Q
S
A severe mental illness where contact with reality and insight are impaired.
A neurotransmitter of the monoamine group that generally has an excitatory effect.
Treatment related to the body.
A measure of spread within a distribution (the square root of the variance). The most popular and most reliable measure of variability but the more skewed a distribution, the more error there will be in the standard deviation because of its reliance on the mean.
In Psychoanalytical theory, the part of the personality that represents the conscience.
U
Part of the mind containing information that is hard to bring into conscious awareness.
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